Analysis of the battles from September, 1981 to September, 1982
It was subsequent to the suppression of the Iraqi Army units in disadvantageous positions by the Iranian Army and civilian forces of the I.R of Iran, launching 87 offensive and defensive operations during the first year of the War, breakthroughs in political arena, Banisadr's escape, and preparation of appropriate grounds for the contribution of the civilian forces mobilized in the forms of companies and battalions commanded by the newly-founded Revolutionary Guard Corps that the second year of the War started. At the order of Imam Khomeini to break Abadan’s siege, the Iranian military experts who were considering to plan operations in the region, seizing the existing optimum opportunities, initiated the operations.
Being as a major obstacle to taking the advantages of Abadan encirclement by Iraqi forces, Khorasan 77th division, recruiting the voluntary civilian force launched the first successful and wide-spread attack in order to expel the enemy. Subsequent to such operations, all attentions were focused on Bostan aiming at creating gap between the Iraqi forces deployed in the north and south of the city. Tariq-al-Qods operation entailed realization of such dream. Then, instantly the gap offered such an opportunity that the Iraqi forces being deployed from north of Bostan to Dehloran were withdrawn to the border following Fath-al-Mobin operation. Subsequently, Beit-al-Moghadas operation entailed the withdrawal of the Iraqi forces to the border line and freedom of Khorramshahr. Although the Iraqi Army withdrew from vast areas in Hur-al-Azim and Qasr-e-Shirin, Israel invaded and then occupied southern Lebanon, which brought about political instability in the region. Contrary to recapturing vast areas from the enemy, the political circumstances were no longer appropriate for cease-fire or peace. Proud of their surprising victories, the Iranian forces planned Ramadhan operation aimed at occupying Iraqi Basreh city; however, the operation was doomed to failure due to lack of both intelligence on the enemy's new defensive lines, and social conditions appropriacy for further developments in Iraq. Similarly, the Army Ground Force still used to bear full responsibility for a 1000-km defensive line along the battlefield during the second year throughout which totally 17 offensive operations were launched. Iraq just once made large attempts in Tange-e-Chazzabeh to capture Bostan, but the entailing lengthy combats resulted in Iraqi defeat and then its withdrawal.
Source:
Atlas of Unforgettable Battles (Ground forces operations in eight years of holy defense)
Compilation: Staff Colonel Mojtaba Jafari
Other links: Roqabieh offensive operation (March 19th, 1980)
Chaghalvand offensive operation (March 20th, 1980)
Hendeli channel offensive operation (April 4th, 1981)
Tappeh Cheshmeh offensive operation (April 4th, 1981)
Zaen offensive operation (April 14th, 1981)
